To criticize a theory because it is 99% Math & 1% Reality is to miss the point. – The point is that we have no other solutions at this time. Math is our only choice if we cannot test the hypothesis in the “lab”.
Take Expanding Curved Space [ECS] for example. In the early 20’s, we had a star filled sky, almost beyond comprehension, with no way to examine what goes bump in the night.
So here comes Einstein, trying to make sense of our world and he made a few assumptions to simplify his understanding of the starry heavens. His assumptions said that the star distribution is finite, static, homogeneous, and isotropic. This finite distribution indicated a curved space. All these assumptions were necessary in order to simplify conditions required for an elegant mathematical hypothesis.
Did his contemporaries love it! They embraced the basis of this new hypothesis as a long lost friend. Willem de Sitter was one of the first. He went on to solve the problem of an expanding universe described by general relativity [GR] that used a cosmological constant to describe a
static or non-expanding universe; only his mathematical universe had no matter – well, no matter.
Alexandr [native spelling] Friedmann went on to mathematically prove that we have a number of possible space configurations -mostly curved space – both positive and negatively curved, and he believed in the Hindu myth that the world was created from nothing. He stated that as
if it was fact – no explanation given or required – how about that!
Well Georges Lemaître mixed all these things together and developed his concepts that the entire universe began as a single, giant atom, the “primeval atom,” whose gradual disintegrations into smaller and smaller pieces formed nebulae (the original term used for galaxies), stars, and finally cosmic rays. This man is considered the father of the Big Bang Model.
All this stuff was just up Arthur Eddington’s alley. He abhorred an infinite universe and wanted a mathematically understood world to live in and wrote extensively about GR. Einstein considered Eddington’s 1923 book, Mathematical Theory of Relativity, the finest presentation of relativity in any language. At one time some reporter mused that there were probably only three people in the world who understood GR and Arthur said, “I wonder who the other person could be.”
Now we are still in the 20’s with all this heady stuff and absolutely no way to test GR – who could do this crazy math – like, what is a absolute differential calculus or how about solving a few metric tensors. It’s only the basis of the current version of the mathematical ECS hypothesis made by the big five – Einstein, de Sitter, Friedmann, Lemaître, and Eddington. Together they built today’s ECS Hypothesis.
Not wanting to look mathematically stupid, we bought general relativity and ECS. We bought it for so long that by the 70’s and 80’s it was gospel and since light does bend around a large mass – how could anyone question GR – sacrilegious. My! My!
As of this time, the above assumptions are held to be “scientific” whatever that means, but any questioning to these are only made by those who are scientifically naïve or so the scientist say – ask me no questions and I’ll tell you no lies.
All these assumptions may have been fine last year, but now here we are at the dawn of the 21st Century with a whole bunch of new laboratory TOOLS [supercomputers and space telescopes] – to check out these assumptions – let the chips fall where they may.
From wherever we look, the evidence is in that the physics of one place is exactly the same everywhere else. Gravity, electro/magnetism, and atomic power, as studied on Earth, in labs, and noted in the universe is the same everywhere. So also with light and chemical composition, all of physics – except ECS, is found in our labs. Distance between galactic families is increasing but not due to expanding space.
EXPANDING SPACE
Einstein never suggested an expanding space concept, he thought space was static, nor does GR provide a mechanism for such a concept. With our new arsenal of tools, every experiment made shows absolutely NO EVIDENCE OF EXPANDING SPACE.
CURVED SPACE
Every astronomer worth his salt has been searching for curvature. Hubble Space Telescope searches for curvature. Sophisticated computer programs search for patterns that would indicate curvature with no success. NO ONE HAS SEEN A CURVED SPACE PATTERN.
FINITE SPACE
The Hubble Deep Field Space survey has seen black sky at the edge of space indicating a view showing no limit to SPACE. This does not prove infinite space, but it does prove that Space extends far beyond our Universe. As far as we can see SPACE IS NOT FINITE.
HOMOGENEOUS SPACE
Since 1963, with the discovery of quasars, homogeneity died. Amongst other objects found in the night sky, our detection of quasars [the overwhelming preponderance of these objects, are located at the edge of our visible night sky], with none nearby, is only one of many holes in this assumption. We could add supernovas, giant clusters of galaxies, and Gamma Ray Bursts to the list of non-homogenetic distributions. There is NO HOMOGENEOUS DISTRIBUTION OF ANYTHING IN SPACE.
ISOTROPIC SPACE
In Einstein’s assumptions isotropic means that the view from any position is the same as from any other. The black sky at the edge along with quasar distribution, cited above are but a few examples of the non-isotropic distribution of galactic material. There is NO ISOTROPIC DISTRIBUTION OF STARS OR SPACE.
WHAT IS SCIENTIFICALLY ACCEPTABLE
Richard Feynman on
science:
“In general we look for a new law by the following process.
- First we guess it.
- Then we compute the consequences of the guess to see what would be implied if this law that we guessed is right.
- Then we compare the result of the comparison to nature, with experiment or experience, compare it directly with observation, to see if it works.
- If it disagrees with experiment [or experience or observation] it is wrong.
“In that simplestatement is the key to science. It does not make any difference how beautiful your guess is. It does not make any difference how smart you are, who made the guess, or what his name is – if it disagrees with experiment it is wrong.”
[From Richard Feynman A Life In Science, DUTTON, 1997.]
[[[[[[ If Einstein’s Assumptions are invalid what happens to GR? ]]]]]
What we do know now based on our new tools is that we could consider the distribution of galaxies as floating dust in a beach ball or like the glowing embers of an exploding skyrocket and in that context one could consider the perimeter a curve.
FINALLY, BASED ON ALL THE ABOVE
Some thoughts on the 21st Century’s All New Universe
The new improved G.R.E.P.O.S.
If Space is not expanding that means Space existed prior to the Big Bang.
The power source for the Big Bang can now be searched for in the Vacuum of Space.
Guess what – the Vacuum of Space is found to contain energy.
The Big Bang was an explosion in Space. E = mc2 ? [in reverse ?]
Galactic motion continues from the inertia of the Big Bang’s push.
General relativity continues to apply to galactic entities [local topologies].
All prior computations of the Hubble Constant in effect assumed that the Earth was the Center of the Universe, thus producing a bizarre variety of results including the accelerating universe concept.
Proper consideration of an exploding system [our Universe], using good vector analysis techniques, will produce uniform results.
Based on this material:
The new age of the Milky Way galaxy will compute to be about 30
billion years old.
See The 21st Century’s All New Cosmology for details page 78-9.